TY  - JOUR
ID  - 4901
UR  - https://bahai-library.com/cole_momen_mafia_karbala
WT  - Baha'i Library Online
T1  - Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: The Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala 1824-1843
T2  - 
JF  - Past and Present
JA  - 
A1  - Cole,Juan
A1  - Momen,Moojan
A2  - 
A3  - 
Y1  - 1986
Y2  - 
VL  - 112
IS  - 
SP  - 112
EP  - 143
M2  - 
PB  - 
CY  - 
M1  - 
M3  - Articles
SN  -         
LA  - English
L3  - 
DO  - 
U1  - 
U2  - 
U3  - 
AB  - On the role of gangs in urban social history of the 19-century Ottoman empire; with a decline in government control, gangs ran protection rackets and acted as a parallel government, making alliances and becoming popular leaders against an alien threat.
N1  - Posted by author at academia.edu. Purchase original at jstor.org.
C1  - 
KW  - 1840s
KW  - 1843
KW  - History (general)
KW  - Iraq
KW  - Karbala, Iraq
KW  - Ottoman Empire
KW  - Shia Islam (Shiism)
ER  -